Vernacular from Saint Veronica, when adhere to Architecture is a mark in time when a non-architect (not no architect) constructed the 'face of the poor' in cloth. She was a woman, and I think this may be part of why some have dismissed her as no architect; history is complex. There is never 'no' architect; always a plan- good/bad, no matter. And a plan makes the foundation/ belief. It, the plan, is the hope in the box, why there is a box. Architecture is when we make a plan to build something. Yet, Indigenous architecture can be Vernacular within history, but not all are as different as time and place, and space matters (or the semi-lattice, see below or the latin, id est; architecture, archaeology, and landscape). If building as a song, think does the architecture invoke incredible witness, like Amazing grace; now, this is Vernacular. That is the action she did by wiping his face. When misused from missing the idea that a plan for foundation has always been, it becomes usury as all does missing this understanding. Yes, Frank Lloyd Wright knew this; now you do also. 
 -Notes from Xi's and Savyasaachi's discussion(s)- Nature of Order Building Beauty, Fall 2021-2022 written for Genevieve Vaughan​​​

Object-Centered ​

[Re]Discovery of Purpose and Place at Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, 2021
ARCHITECTURE, LANDSCAPE, AND ARCHAEOLOGY​

XK Bromley- November 11, 2021

Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore (SLBE) maintains approximately 71,000 acres of natural habitat and about 65 miles of lakeshore with (give or take) 35 miles connected to the mainland of the State of Michigan. Prehistoric retreating of glaciers and the formation of the Great Lakes, including arguably the most beautiful Lake Michigan, allowed people to be active in the area where SLBE is today. Groups lived and navigated in seasonal camps along the lakeshore and Lake Michigan islands (National Park Service SLBE Visitor Map, 2021). The culturally related peoples known as Anishinaabe include the Ojibwe, Odawa, Potawatomi, Mississaugas, Nipissing, and Algonquin peoples had lived along the lakeshore and islands when European arrival happened. Anishinaabe relations still live in this region of the Great Lakes State.

The word "Michigan' itself derives from an Algonquian language still spoken by some 7,000 Anishinaabe people in Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, North Dakota, Montana, and beyond (Peschel, 2009) (Kimmerer, 2013). Currently, SLBE is the United States of America's (USA) most extensive public-owned historical agricultural landscape. It also has a United States Life Saving Service Station (USLSS) created by congress in 1871 within park boundaries in Glen Haven, Michigan, USA. Before merging with the United States Revenue Cutter Services (USRCS) and forming the United States Coast Guard (USCG), the USLSS rescued numerous people from shipwrecks along the lakeshore (NPS SLBE Park Architect, 2021).​​​​ And like rescues of old, the following [re]discovery records work to preserve found items, sometimes called ready-mades, art made from manufactured objects (Duchamp, 1913-1914) (Molderings, 2010).

​Calling ready-made(s) [historical] meshwork henceforth will allow for the thing to be rediscovered in more than the symbolic approach of past archaeological methods to artifacts, historical objects, and antiquities (Ingold, 2021) (Cipolla & Gallo, 2021) (Nakamura, 2014) (Hicks, 2010) (Curtis, 2019) (Gans, 2008). The Oxford English Dictionary states a manufactured object is a physical object created by hand or machine (O.E.D., 2013). Meshworks are tangible things, interlaced structures, or interconnected networks made from a semilattice created and used to maintain some part of life's beauty. The term and concept semilattice is from the 1965 original text by Christopher Alexander's essay "A City is [Not] a Tree. One should note that semilattice builds basic dimensional features in objects which create life, and all meshwork is some form of a semilattice (Alexander, 1968) (A city is not a tree, 2017) (OINKER.ME, 2015). 

The difference between a tree and a semi-lattice (OINKER.ME 2015) (Alexander, 1965)

Historical meshworks can often be found on the ground's surface or in the atmosphere at the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) National Park Service (NPS) Sleeping Bear National Lakeshore (SLBE) Volunteers-In-Park (VIP) worksite(s) (Ingold, 2015 Part 2) (NPS SLBE Architect, 2021). These [re]discoveries meet all material culture course requirements for an object-centered report (Miles, 2021). Yet, the records for this report will follow in the order of fields in the discovery record form provided to the researcher by the NPS SLBE Park Architect in May 2021.​ Maintaining the NPS SLBE discovery record fields allows more accessibility, exchange, and expansion of entries if needed into and from various public databases and spreadsheets systems SLBE and others have built for the National Park Service. When any items found are part of the same object, two individual records give each correspondence found for a more logical analysis of the whole (NPS ARPA Training, 2018) (NPS SLBE Park Architect, 2021) (Alexander, 2003).
​
Volunteers-In-Park (VIP) at SLBE is an opportunity with the NPS that allows communities to be a helping hand to share and protect the lakeshore. VIPs worksites vary based on ongoing needs and planning for the park service. One group of volunteers managed by the Park Architect and the Volunteer Coordinator for the Park meet on Fridays from May until October at various locations. Volunteers earn rewards, promotional merchandise, and park dollars to redeem at the Park gift shops based on hours worked at the end of each season (NPS SLBE Park Architect, 2021) (NPS SLBE Volunteer Coordinator, 2021). Volunteers at SLBE often live in the surrounding area, are retired, and value the engagement that volunteering for the Park provides.  In 2021, though, the ages ranged from 5 years old to 83 years of age.​

Photo of NPS SLBE VIPS, NPS SLBE Park Architect, NPS SLBE Volunteer Coordinator for the Park at The Ballfield/ Worksite on September 10, 2021

For the summer of 2021, VIP worksites for the Friday group varied from tending the apple tree nursery at Kelderhouse Farm, rediscovery of a wildflower garden and reroofing a chicken coup at Lawr Farm, to finally, the long-awaited privy project. The privy teardown and rebuild took multiple Fridays to finish. Also, due to the pandemic's recovery efforts, VIPs worked this year in smaller groups and always outdoors (CDC.GOV, 2021). Over eight separate Fridays from July to September, a small group of volunteers and park employees tore down and restored the privy. The VIP work crew did reutilize materials to build the newly rebuilt privy from resources SLBE had on hand that matched existing structures in Glen Haven. These included cedar shingles for the siding and red dipped cedar shingles for the roof.

The rebuilt privy now used for appearance only returned to its historic site on October 6, 2021.​ Yet, the privy project had been in the works for several years before completion in 2021. Before NPS SLBE came into being, the former station and the privy were decommissioned in 1958 and were no longer active. At some point, neighbors removed the privy to their property between decommissioning and NPS SLBE beginning in 1970. The neighbors converted the former privy into a gardening shed and used the privy as such until 1998. The Park Service was not aware of where the former privy had gone or that it was even missing.​

After 1998, the neighbor’s Use and Occupancy lease had expired with the federal government on their property that had also become part of SLBE. The Park Service became aware that the garden shed was the missing privy structure from behind the historic station. The outhouse to the garden shed was then moved and stored for several years at the ballfield, the VIP Worksite of the privy teardown, and rebuilt in 2021. The privy waited over 20 years to be rebuilt and return to its original location. The following is a photo of the finished result of rebuilding the privy sourced from the U.S. Life-Saving Service Heritage Association newsletter November 2021 issue (NPS SLBE Park Architect, 2021) (USLSS HA, Nov 2021).​

Photo credit: Matt Mohrman, National Park Service (USLSS HA, Nov. 2021)

Generating writing [the word/ be it verbal and non-verbal] about explaining and naming the process for [re]discoveries serves as a vital step towards doing more significant (w)holistic study thru sacred correspondence with [historical] meshworks for the National Park Service (Ingold, 2021) (Miles, 2021). Before and after finding a meshwork, a team forms. Their purpose is to work together to attune the meshwork into a proper place to support ecological transitions that will affect its being. Meshworks, in all cases, including the records themselves, have already undergone (environmental) changes and will continue to do so in the future. Recordings should only strengthen the continued lineage, heritage, and preservation for each meshwork found. Creating [re]discovery records will help the knowledge of the historical meshworks' current locations and any known relevant information about the meshworks. And as we advance, easily sourced within a beautiful format for researchers, the discovery records can be accessed and used (2021) (Alexander, 2003). ​​

The records give the date and location of the finding, and any known provenance, which means to come or stem from; this is from the Latin provenire, pro- 'forth' + venire 'come,' for each meshwork according to the Oxford English Dictionary (O.E.D., 2013) (Markus, 2021). Provenance gives the chronology of the historical object's ownership, custody, or location as best known to the origin of the meshwork discovered to help understand what the meshwork is and what to do with each meshwork in the future (Miles, 2021) (Ulrich, Gaskell, et al., 2015). Additionally, shown on the forms are G.P.S. coordinates and, if needed, a topography map providing a corresponding Q.R. (Quick Response) code. Also fostered was an ongoing list of names and organizations the formulated a research team. The research team helps to increase the information about what each record carries. Each discovery record tells the principal researcher's name, who meets the Secretary of Interior's guidelines and standards as an applied anthropologist and N.P.S. Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA) Archaeologist (NPS SLBE Park Architect, 2021) (NPS ARPA Training, 2018).

Being an applied anthropologist and NPS ARPA Archaeologist carries greater fieldwork responsibilities and professionally for several reasons. The researcher also serves as an extra NPS VIP safety officer, an additional preservationist on-site, and a photographer for the NPS SLBE VIP worksites. For now, the researcher's [re]discovery of meshwork is from the ground's surface or atmosphere at worksites (Ingold, 2011) (Ingold, 2015 Part 2) (NPS NAGPRA Committee Meetings, 2021). Such as a historical meshwork wooden panel finding just after the former United States Life-Saving Service (USLSS)/ United States Coast Guard (USCG) privy teardown in the summer of 2021 happened. The panel, located on the ground, was just in front of the teardown. But did the wooden meshwork come from inside the former privy?

The VIP worksite for the privy happened at what employees call the ballfield. The ballfield is part of the Empire Air Force Station. The station is a former non-operational United States Air Force Aerospace Defense Command (ADC) long-range radar site and is less than 1-mile south-southeast of Empire, Michigan, in the township of Empire. Closed in 1978 by the Air Force, the station went to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Currently, the site is part of the Joint Surveillance System (JSS), designated by NORAD as Northeast Air Defense Sector (NEADS) Ground Equipment Facility and also partly maintained by NPS SLBE National Lakeshore (NPS SLBE Park Architect, 2021). 

The worksite being on a former ballfield allowed for plenty of room. After the former privy fell, the removal of the roof happened. Again, the teardown was part of the NPS SLBE Building and Utilities restoration process to rebuild a new privy with help from VIPs that took place in the weeks that followed the teardown. The meshwork appeared on the ground directly in front of the teardown. It was noticed and picked up shortly after by the safety officer/researcher on-site, whose duties include removing miscellaneous debris from pathways to support safety concerns. After a brief inspection of the found meshwork, the researcher took it to the NPS SLBE park architect. It was pretty looking and historical, maybe 1930s, but where did the meshwork come from- inside the roof of the former privy, maybe?​ (Ulrich, Gaskell, et al., 2015) (Miles, 2021) (NPS SLBE Park Architect, 2021) (NPS NAGPRA Committee Meeting, 2021) (NPS ARPA Training, 2018) (NPS NEPA Overview, 2018)​

Let's take a closer look at the photo series below taken the day of the teardown when the building fell and directly after at the VIP worksite. How did the wooden panel appear out of nowhere on the ground at the worksite? And what do NPS VIP work crews do with a meshwork that seems to be historical but does not know from where? As careful preservation of records shows, the historical meshwork wooden panel found on the VIP worksite did not come from the privy tear down as the NPS VIP work crew initially thought. The wooden board came from inside the tool trailer at the VIP worksite. Found two months later holding miscellaneous nuts and bolts in what remained of itself (a cigar box repurposed into a storage container for the tool trailer) was the second part belonging to the first historical meshwork. The simple example supports why preservation practices on worksites are still of great use for more excellent knowledge of purpose and place to happen (Ulrich, Gaskell, et al., 2015) (Miles, 2021) (NPS SLBE Park Architect, 2021) (NPS NAGPRA Committee Meetings, 2021) (NPS ARPA Training, 2018).​

Series of photos of NPS SLBE Building and Utilities Restoration Process- Former Privy Teardown at VIP Worksite, 2021

Please Note: Unless changes happen that the finding at a worksite requires a recovery of material life from underground, the earth is not disturbed. There are no excavations taking place on VIP worksite(s) at this time for any [re]discoveries (NPS SLBE Park Architect, 2021) (NPS ARPA Training, 2018) (NPS NEPA Overview Training, 2018) (NPS NAGPRA Committee Meetings, 2021).

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/THE CITY IS [NOT] A TREE THE URBAN ECOLOGIES OF DIVIDED CITES /5-7 JULY/ 2021

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Maintained in separate photo logs are photographed objects by the researcher for the Park. Documented on discovery records if photos are necessary are the numbers from the different photo logs. A photo log stores the data of a series of photographs taken and goes in the following order: First, if possible, an overview photo of the meshwork's front and the back is stored—next, a photo ¾ view of the meshwork. Finally, any additional detail photos of the meshwork(s) help demonstrate greater complexity. The discovery record indicates if the thing is a 'building,' 'structure,' 'machinery,' 'landscape feature,' or 'other.' If marked as 'other' on the NPS discovery form, the researcher is requested to describe the item found. An example of such documentation for a discovery record should be similar to the concise discovery record 1111a 2021_0716 as seen here below the photo logs, which reads: Thin dimensional wooden panel found on the ground at the worksite (NPS SLBE Park Architect, 2021) (Ulrich, Gaskell, et al., 2015) (Miles, 2021).​

Photo Log [07/16/2021, 09/17/2021, 09/24/2021]

Discovery Record 1111a 2021_0716 find on surface layer of the ground in front of and just after the former USSGS Privy tear down at VIP Worksite

The records continue to tell how the object might have first communicated when its elements' complexity was composed or preferably (or not) fabricated into a known or unknown construction (Ingold, 2021) (Ingold, 2011) (Alexander, 1965) (Alexander, 2003) (Prown, 2000). The approximate measurements or dimensions of only the actual found object's length, width, height, and depth are part of the record—any marker, designer, additional locations, if known, are also recorded—a field for materials and year of make may be additionally given. If unknown, the researcher can write any educated guesses w/ a question mark. The researcher should also suggest other associations about the meshwork, such as a family, plant origin, and any interwoven cultural influences or patterns (Miles, 2021) (Ulrich, 2000) (Ulrich, Gaskell, et al., 2015). Any field on a discovery record still unresolved from the rediscovery should remain open for further entry if needed. Doing so reminds us that, as forensics teaches, an absence of evidence is not evidence of absence (McDermid, 2015) (Prown, 1980) (NPS SLBE Park Architect, 2021) (NPS NAGPRA Committee Meetings, 2021) (NPS ARPA Training, 2018) (NPS NEPA Overview Training, 2018).

Discovery Record 1111b 2021_0917 Found by VIPs cleaning out tool trailer to The Ballfield

Lack of evidence can be beneficial and be a call to search for more information (McDermid, 2015) (Lubar, Rieppel, et al., 2017). A call from the Latin vocare 'to call'/name is why anthropologists try to find the origin of the purpose and place of things to name them (O.E.D., 2013) (Ingold, 2011) (Ingold, 2015). It is to know what something is to, has been, or might become. People have known this, but others might not know. Still, sometimes others forget or get it in the wrong order. But to call/name from source is why the Secretary of Interior set the guidelines and standards and why it is crucial to meet these guidelines and standards for heritage work done by the Park Service, specifically for and by anthropologists doing the work. It carries a tremendous responsibility because the Park becomes responsible for how and why things are named.

At some point, all Anthropos (human beings) were elements just as the meshworks are or have been. Therefore, if quantum theory is correct, human and material culture is fractal. They possess a sameness not to be confused with oneness (Ingold, 2021) (MGE Movement, 2021). Both materials and cultures have maintained patterns of likeness from the universe at some time in the continuum. People have labeled these patterns material intelligence (​Adamson, 2021) (Adamson, 2018) (Conn, 2000) but could it be architecture, the song for a good life of inspiration, expiration, and respiration, that supports not just the mind but also, maybe, more importantly, the heart? (SAVYASAACHI, 2021) (MGE Movement, 2021) (Alexander, 2003)

With participant observation (PO) as the preferred method anthropologists use to find out what to call something, it is essential to remember it is a vocation to do heritage work. Heritage fundamentally is, as anthropologists call it, "an ontological commitment" (Ingold, 2021) and notwithstanding awareness of the 8th wave of colonization in the Americas on 'heritage' and all that the term carries (Baird, 2017) (M.G.E. Movement, 2021). The commitment is part of a not so pretty lineage of pseudo-scientists not meeting the guidelines and standards and not doing it right a lot of the time. But anthropologists should continue to try and pass on knowledge the best they can to the past, now, and following generations. Ultimately, the responsibility is not often taken lightly by Park Service or other federal agencies, nor should it be taken lightly (2021) (NPS NEPA Overview Training, 2018) (NPS ARPA Training, 2018) (NPS NAGPRA Committee Meetings, 2021).

So how one interprets human beings and material culture does vary but is interwoven and remains continuous. And in humility and with all politeness, it should be said that anyone not approaching the work of anthropology without some awareness of the fractal nature towards all matter is simply doing it wrong (Ingold, 2021). With participant observation (PO), there is a non-separateness (again, not to be confused as 'oneness') from that observed. The anthropologist is part of the method, and her job is to really listen to the song and, when she can, echo the memory back to anyone else also willing to hear it or needing to be reminded. The technique of the PO method should be at the heart of teaching material culture and the work it manifests, including in the study of industrial heritage and archaeology (IH&A). (2021) (MGE Movement, 2021)

PO is not merely ethnography, but PO is in itself both practice and praxis. Such as with discovery records using PO, listening, recording, and communicating (singing even) back the recording into the atmosphere for another becomes a collective effort. It is making a tracing, arguably the most important of all forms, of correspondence​ (Ingold, 2011) (Ingold, 2015 Part 2) or what Art is (Prown, 1982) (Prown, 2001) (Ulrich, 2001) ​(Pennell, 2017). Tracing correspondence is what human beings do, sometimes better than other times. It is not the Anthropology of Art (Glassie, 1999) because the lineage, like material intelligence, would be backward. Instead, when considering relations (and not just the self), thought and applied is the Art of Anthropos. (Ulrich, 2001) (Ingold, 2011) (Ingold, 2015 Part 2) (Ingold, 2021) (Prown, 2001) (Miles, 2015) (Lubar Rieppel et al., 2017) ​(Prown & Haltman, 2000). ​

Various Examples of Tracing Correspondence

Stephen Sewall Harvard University Copy of Inscription on Dighton Rock, 1768.

Pablo Picasso Rose Period Mother and Child Study, 1904

Cy Twombly Grandfather of Graffiti Coronation of Sesostris, 2000

With all of that said, let's return to look at the meshwork(s) found with the discovery records to logically unfold an analysis from the two discovery records for one object and summarize the findings from the meshworks. After, the two parts from one may continue to move together or apart, as shown from studying and trying to trace and name lineage (Ingold, 2015 Part 5) (Ingold, 2011) (Ingold, 2021) (​Cipolla & Gallo, 2021.). The analysis summary includes a first-person narrative told by the researcher of her findings of what is known and unknown about the object thru comparative analysis of researched images, various composites, and any more details needed to explain different parts of the meshworks found (Miles, 2021). The summary also describes why for fun, the NPS SLBE Park Architect and VIP Friday work crew building the privy choose to house the meshwork(s) in the newly built privy to gift it back to the park, just like the privy was, as art instead of throwing it away. (Senos, Lake, et al., 2006) (Daehnke, 2019)(Lubar, Rieppel, et al. 2017) (Miles, 2015) (DIRT, 2021)

Summary of Analysis 
Told by XK Bromley Applied Anthropologist FORENSICS DHS, FEMA EHP, NPS ARPA Archaeologist ​

Worksite and Findings
"Found at what park employees refer to as the ballfield that was the VIP worksite for rebuilding the USLSS privy in the summer of 2021 were two historical meshworks belonging to the same object, a former cigar box. The meshworks are two from one thing at one point, yet the meshworks still miss another- its cover. Manufactured initially, the two in one object was as six-sided wood (preferably cedar), fourteen nails, and one muslin strip hinging the top (missing) nailed wooden (NW) box to hold cigars. Of the fourteen nails, four went in each end and six in the bottom. The muslin was glued onto the NW box's top and back as shown in the complete NW box below, called an overall vs. an insert lid design.​ "

Sketch of NW Box Design, 2021

An example of a complete NW Box Design, 2021

"​On Friday, July 16, 2021, found was the first meshwork at the privy project started teardown the former privy and rebuilding on the old privy existing frame. I, as a safety officer, found the first meshwork. After the privy teardown, I was picking up miscellaneous scraps and debris from off the ground. The first meshwork was found directly in front of the former privy's location. Various volunteers came in and out of the tool trailer as I picked it up. The tool trailer was in the North-East direction from where the meshwork pick-up happened. The meshworks looked historic, but there was no evidence as to where and why the meshwork appeared.

The first meshwork was taken directly to the NPS SLBE Park Architect to assess what to do with it. The meshwork was unknown, so we didn't want to throw it away because of several factors, including aesthetics until we could determine more. I photographed and documented the meshwork to try and find out more about it. After, it was preserved by the NPS SLBE Park Architect instead of discarding it. The first meshwork stayed with the privy project to install it into the new privy. ​ Therefore, based on the known and the unknown at the time, I think it was the correct choice for this case.​"

First Meshwork with 7/8" measure, 2021

Sketch of NW Box with Front panel highlighted in orange, 2021

Frontmark and Other Identifying Tags found on First Meshwork

Frontmark detail from front side of first meshwork found, 2021

"The front piece of the NW box had a frontmark stenciled onto the wood. The tag reads M O N T E R E Y S with the numbers 1 0 0 below it. The frontmark usually tells the name of the cigar brand. The numbers that follow the brand name indicate the number of cigars the original box would have carried. I have not been able to find M O N T E R E Y S as a brand name at this time. See the fade of an 'S' on the end of M O N T E R E Y S- I assume that Montereys is what it means to read and isn't a mistake and missing an 'R' in stenciling the letters on the wood. Hoyo de Monterrey Cigars (with two RRs in Monterrey) is a famous Cuban brand but is not how the panel reads. If it didn't have the 'S,' I might think differently. The number 100 appears to be correct as to how many cigars the box could have held."​

Backside of first meshwork with 7/8" measure, 2021

"The backside of the first meshwork tells more information. On the side, one can see marks left from nails on both ends that would have held the box together. Glued to paper glued to the wood panel is the edging tape that borders along the top of the meshwork. Edging design of the edging looks inspired by embroidery. The edging color is red, green, and what appears to be gold leaf.  

The meshwork is water-damaged, and the microbes and mold on the meshwork will use the cellulose in the paper as a food source. It is a natural process with organic materials. The mold will continue to eat away at its food source, and the rate depends on environmental factors. Like a lot of stuff, paper is temporary, especially compared to deep time. The effect of the damage can be aesthetically pleasing, though, and doesn't always have to be a knee-jerk throw-away response."

The Second Meshwork of Object found by VIPs in Tool Trailer Provides More Information

Tool trailer just NE of Privy teardown/rebuild project location, 2021

Sketch of second meshwork found shown highlighted in blue, 2021

"The second meshwork was found by VIP at the worksite on Sept. 17, 2021. I was not at the worksite would the second meshwork was found. I would told that it was found when VIPs were cleaning up the tool trailer that sat NE to the privy during the build. No Top Cover was found. Much more information was able to be learned about the meshworks by finding the second.

​Found by VIP at the worksite on Sept. 17, 2021, was the second meshwork. I was not at the worksite when the second meshwork was found. Informed it surfaced but not on the surface when the VIPs cleaned up the tool trailer that sat NE to the privy during the build. The remains of the box it was told to me still contained nuts and bolts in the tool trailer, yet I did not witness. When I arrived on the worksite that day, VIPs had already cleared the contents.  

After cleaning the tool trailer, the VIPs didn't locate the Top Cover. Much more information was able to be learned about the meshworks by finding the second. Several tags and marks remained on the meshworks, which was formally a cigar box. These include the signature of Flor Fina on side A. Flor Fina is a rolling style of cigars. On Side B appears to have had a tax stamp or some other type of adhered media. 

On the back, the remainder of the muslin strip. Also, C L A R O is tagged. It is the color of the leaf rolled. Mark C L A R O indicated that the leaf would have been a light brown or tan. On the bottom is a District No. stamp whose number is not able to be read. And also, what appears is small amounts of cursive English words that once were adhered labeled. Please review evidence photos."

Deciphering Label Yet Not Enough Remains to Know Which One plus Wood might be from Toona Calantas

Remaining Tags on Bottom of Second Meshwork, 2021

"The bottom of the second meshwork had a tag. After weeks of studying only the above photo, I could decipher Hand on the top line of text. From that, I found the Official Inspection Label from an internet search in google of labels, cigar boxes, labels, Hand-made. After thousands of images, I found one that appeared to match Hand and additional text on the following rows below Hand. In photoshop, I layered the label onto the photograph. After minor scaling adjustment, I had a match, at least to what remained on the box."

[Hand-] part of the label that was deciphered, 2021

Photoshop layered Official Inspection Label onto the Photo, 2021

"The five rows of text on the label I was able to match to the tag included (1) Hand-, (2) cigars by Cleanly, (3) in a Sanitary, (4) Sound Philippine, (5) the Cagayan. After reading the rest of the label, I understood the cigars the box once held were from the Philippines, Cagayan Valley region. The inspection label I initially used was for long-filler cigars as the text on the Official Inspection Label is different for Manila Cigars. Yet, after consulting with a research team member about my findings, two various labels, commonwealth vs. islands, from different historical periods emerged. If a commonwealth, the period for the box would be for the time the commonwealth existed, 1935 to 1946 minus exile during the Second World War from 1942 to 1945 when Japan occupied the country. Unfortunately, not enough of the label remains on the box bottom to know at this time but quite fascinating.​"

Manila Cigars Label differs from Long-Filler Cigars Label, 2021

Commonwealth vs. Islands, 2021

"Cigar boxes are often thought to be made of cedar due to its amorua and pest management capabilities. It the wood for box was sourced from the same location [the Philippines] of the tobacco grown for the cigars, which it held the wood is from Toona Calantas. Toona Calantas is a tree in the mahogany family found in the Philippines. Currently, Toona Calantas is considered endangered due to habitat loss. It is also call kalantas, lanipga, ample, bantinan, danupra, Philippine cedar, or Philippine mahogany. The name Philippine mahogany also applies to members of an unrelated genus called Shorea.

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has categorized Calantas/Kalantas as Data Deficient. But Calantas is verbally reported as exhausted due to logging and kaingin (the Tagalog term for slash-and-burn). Tagalog is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by the ethnic peoples who make up a quarter of the population of the Philippines. It is a second language spoken by the majority of people in the Philippines. Reforestation efforts even had President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo during her term planting seedlings.

Cigar culture as a lifestyle is not sustainable in the future unless reforestation efforts improve dynamically. Could there be a trade that planting both tobacco and Toona has to be reestablished for every cigar smoked? Ha, I don't believe that the culture of cigars has even really thought nor cares about the idea but probably should have started to consider it a while ago. Of course, this opens a million other whys about the meshworks, their cultures, and could be a song that never ends. So not to do that here, let's summarize and say the object's potential to teach lessons is excellent. I'll end with that for now."

Cigxr Culture. Duh Xficionado. Matthew McConaughey, 2018

Workers with counting machine. Photo by Putu Sayoga, 2019

Caintaplantnursery.com Philippines indigenous Plants, 2021

"In conclusion, there is more to learn, especially concerning each tag that remains on the wooden historical meshworks. The two meshworks were and are part of the same object simultaneously. Regardless of age, treatment, and repurposing, one can still discern they formerly were an Overall Lid NW-designed cigar box. The former cigar box meshworks were one together object, let's say in multiple scenes, such as once with a lid or cover, next without, and now the locus of clearly a former cigar box in two parts missing its top. So, to be clear, the one object-centered is a former cigar box, currently composed of two parts historical looking but not from the former privy but the VIPs tool trailer. 

Items like the meshworks would typically be treated on a worksite as debris or trash and be recycled or thrown away. Due to several factors such as the object's aesthetics, age, environment, and who noticed and analyzed the meshworks, the NPS SLBE Park Architect made the first decision on July 16, 2021, to hang on to the first part found to put back in the rebuilt privy. After the second finding on September 17, 2021, and realizing both came from inside the work trailer and not the former privy, the NPS SLBE Park Architect, supported by the VIPs and myself, chose not to discard the meshworks but to gift back both to the park service. We decided to reframe the meshworks as art installed inside the interior wall on either side in the newly rebuilt privy for fun. I think both were genuinely outstanding decisions made by the NPS SLBE Park Architect based on all known factors and how collectively humanity ultimately wins."

Websites & Images Sourced for Summary Analysis
1. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/ALT0509.0001.001?rgn=main;view=fulltext
2. http://cigarhistory.info/Site/NCM_HOME.html
3. https://www.cigaraficionado.com/glossary/frontmark
4. https://www.nytimes.com/1923/03/25/archives/for-making-cigar-boxes-a-philippine-wood-may-take-the-place-of.html
5. https://www.amazon.com/Vintage-Cardboard-Cigar-Box-SPENCER/dp/B007U7KS08​
6. https://www.theipps.info/auction9-2013Q3/rev033.jpg
7. https://www.pinterest.co.kr/pin/234539093072294675/
8. https://www.cigaraficionado.com/article/alright-alright-alright
9. https://www.asiangeo.com/culture/the-art-of-making-cigars-a-smokin-hot-skill/
​10. https://caintaplantnursery.com/our-products/philippine-indigenous-plants/kalantas/kalantas-2/

​​​Research Team: Delmar Bromley My Son and NPS Jr. Park Ranger; NPS SLBE VIP Fridays Workshop Crew with Kim Mann NPS SLBE Architect and Matthew Mohrman NPS SLBE Volunteer Coordinator Empire, MI; Rainbow Marjanovich Humboldt State University Alumni Whitehorn, CA; Steve Kline, Oliver Art Center Clay Studio Frankfort, MI; Jeff & Jackie Mailley; MTU IH&A Department Houghton, MI; Chipstone Foundation Milwaukee, WI; Bruce Alton, PhD ABG Search Washington DC; Dan Nickels Black Rock Forge Traverse City, MI; Empire Michigan Area Museum Complex; SavyaSaachi Linguistic Anthropology Department of Sociology, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi, Delhi, India; Building Beauty Ecological Design and Construction Process Sorrento, Italy; NPS Midwest Archaeology, Lincoln, NE; NPS SLBE Roads, Trails, and Grounds; Steve Lubar Researcher, Brown University;  Aunt Kathy and Uncle Bob Shurr Big Butt Farms; David Friend Unofficial Mayor of Empire; Melissa F. Baird Associate Professor of Anthropology, Graduate Director Department of Social Sciences Michigan Tech; Mark Alan Rhodes II Assistant Professor of Geography Department of Social Sciences Michigan Tech; ; Tim Ingold, University of Aberdeen;  ​Tisha Schafer ASD Consultant,  St. Johns Michigan; and Sir Ryan Bromley NPS Carpenter

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Evidence Photos #01-18

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